Bachelor of Arts in Economics and Finance at Durham University, England (Diploma in 1991)

Masters in Business Administration at City University Business School in London, England (Diploma in 1992)

Tax Advisor Jürgen Kottwitz, chartered auditor and certified tax advisor (1992 to 1993)

ARTHUR ANDERSEN Wirtschaftsprüfungsgesellschaft Steuerberatungsgesellschaft mbH, International Tax, Frankfurt and Eschborn, tax advice on mergers and acquisitions as well as tax structuring for private equity funds (1994 to 1999, as of 1997 as Manager)

Certified Tax Advisor (Steuerberater) as of 1997

Chartered Auditor (Wirtschaftsprüfer) as of 1998